网络基础设施与数字企业创业活跃度:“宽带中国”示范城市建设的证据Network Infrastructure and the Development of Digital Enterprises
孙文凯,唐思远
摘要(Abstract):
本文利用2005—2020年中国295个城市的面板数据,将“宽带中国”示范城市建设作为准自然实验,采用多期双重差分方法,研究网络基础设施建设对数字企业创业活跃度的影响。研究发现:第一,“宽带中国”战略显著提升了数字企业占比,平均提升2.97个百分点,表明网络基础设施建设有助于激发地区数字企业的创业活力。第二,网络基础设施建设对小微型数字企业占比的提升作用比大中型数字企业更大,未加剧市场集中,反而在大型企业占比较高地区进一步推动了新企业进入;同时,政策效应在在校大学生占比较高的地区更为显著,在数字技术应用业和数字要素驱动业中表现更为突出。第三,机制分析表明,网络基础设施建设通过提升网络覆盖质量、扩大数字经济市场规模、降低企业交易成本的方式提升了数字企业创业活跃度。
关键词(KeyWords): 网络基础设施;“宽带中国”战略;数字企业;数字经济
基金项目(Foundation):
作者(Author): 孙文凯,唐思远
参考文献(References):
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- (1)若以城市群为单位被批准,则认为构成城市群的各城市同时接受了处理。由于重庆市下辖的区在不同年份接受了处理,而被解释变量为城市级,故剔除重庆市的样本。 (2)政策实施后2年、3年处理效应同样通过平行趋势的敏感性检验。 (3)第(2)列被解释变量为数字企业注册数量与人口之比,为了避免产生共线性问题,不再控制人口对数,其他控制变量的选择与基准回归一致。 (4)此处的长期特指三年后,短期特指一年。 (5)值得注意的是,税调数据覆盖年份为2007年到2016年,期间仅第一批和第二批“宽带中国”示范城市实施。但前文分析表明,“宽带中国”示范城市的政策效应主要是第一批示范城市建设带来的,因此样本受限对本文异质性分析和机制分析的影响不大。