碳排放权交易对企业碳绩效的影响研究A Study on the Impact of Carbon Emission Trading on Corporate Carbon Performance
李梦函,陈琪
摘要(Abstract):
在“双碳”目标和经济高质量发展的双重压力下,碳排放权交易能否提高企业碳绩效从而促进企业经济和环境的协调发展是亟待回答的问题。本文以碳排放权交易的试点为准自然实验,基于2008—2020年沪深上市工业企业数据,构建双重差分模型研究碳排放权交易对企业碳绩效的微观效果,并分析其作用机制、异质性、溢出效应和跨地区转移现象。研究发现:碳排放权交易通过提高企业绿色创新从而显著改善企业碳绩效,且碳交易市场的流动性、相对市场规模和成本转嫁能力的市场机制以及政府环境关注、碳减排压力的非市场机制可以有效强化改善效果。在拍卖分配的碳市场、重污染行业和环境执法力度大的地区中,碳排放权交易对企业碳绩效的影响更为明显。另外,碳排放权交易对企业碳绩效的改善作用不存在明显的行业溢出效应、空间溢出效应和跨地区转移现象。本文拓展了碳排放交易政策影响的研究,对助力企业实现可持续发展、推动全国碳市场建设以及实现“双碳”目标具有重要意义。
关键词(KeyWords): 碳排放权交易;碳绩效;绿色创新;溢出效应;跨地区转移
基金项目(Foundation): 教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“中央环保督察对企业高质量发展的影响及传导机制研究”(项目编号:21YJA630005)的资助
作者(Author): 李梦函,陈琪
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- (1)碳排放量参考《2006年IPCC国家温室气体清单指南》的计算方法,通过能源消耗量与其碳排放系数的乘积计算得到。其中,各能源消耗量以标准煤为单位,通过《中国能源统计年鉴》获取以万吨、亿立方米等为单位的原始数据,再折算成为吨标准煤;能源碳排放系数为能源热值乘以碳氧化因子。部分企业未披露相关数据,为确保分析的可靠性,按缺失值处理。
- (2)CO2实际减排率=(碳交易市场试点前一年实际碳排放-2010年实际碳排放)/2010年实际碳排放。其中,2010年是“十一五”规划末年。
- (3)国家环境保护部(现生态环境部)于2017年发布《京津冀及周边地区2017年大气污染防治工作方案》,设定了京津冀大气污染传输通道城市,包括北京,天津,河北省石家庄、唐山、廊坊、保定、沧州、衡水、邢台、邯郸,山西省太原、阳泉、长治、晋城,山东省济南、淄博、济宁、德州、聊城、滨州、菏泽,河南省郑州、开封、安阳、鹤壁、新乡、焦作、濮阳。
- (4)国家发展和改革委员会于2010年发布低碳城市试点政策。2010年,中国首先确立了第一批试点城市,包括5个省、8个市。2012年,第二批试点在1个省、29个市开展。2017年,第三批试点覆盖45个城市。
- (5)《中华人民共和国环境保护法》于1989年12月26日公布且施行;于2014年4月24日修订,2015年1月1日起施行。
- (6)八个行业:石化、化工、建材、钢铁、有色、造纸、电力和航空,分别对应证监会行业分类标准三级代码C25、C26、C30、C31、C22、D44和D45、G56。