Effects of the Price Parity Clauses on Pharmaceutical Procurement Platforms
Huiming Chen;Heng Ju;Yifu Shao;
Abstract:
Since 2017, Chinese provincial pharmaceutical procurement platforms have successively implemented price parity clauses, which link drug suppliers' local quotations to the lowest prices in other provinces. We develop a theoretical model to examine the interactions among non-for-profit procurement platforms and drug suppliers, and empirically test the findings using city-level public hospital procurement data from 2013 to 2021. The results show that price parity clauses could significantly reduce prices in the early stage, especially for monopolistic drugs. However, as more provincial platforms adopted the policy, suppliers would strategically raise prices to avoid low-price spillovers, thereby reversing the initial price-reducing effect. Moreover, in monopolistic markets, the policy would raise the risks of supply disruption in those regions with low willingness-to-pay. These findings suggest that price parity clauses could create incentive distortions, underscoring the need for careful regulatory design.
Key Words:
Foundation:
Authors: Huiming Chen;Heng Ju;Yifu Shao;
References:
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- ① 详见国家卫生健康委员会发布的《2022年我国卫生健康事业发展统计公报》。 ② 作为例子,上海市的公共医疗药品采购平台称为“上海阳光医药采购网”。 ③ 政策细节可参考上海市人民政府公示的《市政府办公厅关于本市进一步改革完善药品生产流通使用政策的实施意见》。 (1)详细文件见于湖南省医疗保障局发布的《关于开展2023年省际药品价格联动挂网工作的通知》。 (2)详见河南省医疗保障局发布的《关于开展平台挂网药品价格联动的通知》。 (3)所有省份实施价格联动制度的情形分析见附录A,附录可通过中国知网检索并下载。 (4)具体计算步骤见附录B,附录可通过中国知网检索并下载。 (5)具体而言,xi内生性地反映了消费者的搜索成本:搜索成本越高,继续搜索的激励越弱,对应的保留价值xi越低,消费者越倾向于较早停止搜索。 (6)需求函数求解过程见附录B,附录可通过中国知网检索并下载。 (7)根据Jensen不等式可得证。 (8)p■>p■的情形在附录C中进行补充讨论。 (9)调和平均总是小于或等于算术平均,并偏向小值。 (10)价格联动制度在省级层面实施,而可得数据仅覆盖城市层面的公立医院采购记录。因此,本文采用各省份的一个代表性城市作为对应省级政策的观测单位。该做法在医药采购数据研究中较为常见,能够在保持政策层级一致性的同时确保样本的可比性。 (11)山东、辽宁、广东三个省份以及深圳经济特区的价格联动发布时间在本文所使用的数据范围之外,因此不纳入分析。 (12)补充描述性分析结果见附录E,附录可通过中国知网检索并下载。 (13)当使用w=1的子样本进行回归时,第一轮次的城市在其价格联动制度发布后获得系数α1,且高集中度药品还会获得交互项系数β1;类似地,使用w=2的子样本进行回归时,第二轮次的城市在其价格联动制度发布后获得系数α2以及交互项系数β2。 (14)在第二轮次制度实施后,第一轮次的城市会获得系数γ以及交互项系数θ。