Knowledge as a Risk-defending Shield: The Impact of Education on Household Financial Vulnerability
Tong Sun;Yu Liao;
Abstract:
Household financial vulnerability is a crucial indicator for assessing economic risk at the household level. Mitigating household financial risk contributes not only to enchancing individuals' quality of life and well-being but also to ensuring the healthy and stable development of financial markets. Drawing on the data from the 2015—2019 China Household Finance Survey(CHFS), this study empirically examines the impact of education on household financial vulnerability and explores its underlying mechanisms. The instrumental variable estimation results indicate that higher educational attainment significantly reduces household financial vulnerability. This mitigating effect is particularly pronounced among low-income households, rural residents, and those living in central and western regions. Mechanism analysis reveals that education contributes to increasing income levels, enhancing financial literacy, and facilitating the purchase of commercial insurance, thereby alleviating household financial vulnerability. This study provides empirical evidence for a profound understanding of the role of education in mitigating household economic risks and offers insights for enhancing household economic resilience and preventing systemic risks.
Key Words:
Foundation: 北京市社会科学基金青年项目“人口老龄化背景下北京市家庭财富对养老行为的影响研究”(项目编号:22JJC041)的资助
Authors: Tong Sun;Yu Liao;
References:
- 程令国,张晔,沈可.2014.教育如何影响了人们的健康?——来自中国老年人的证据[J].经济学(季刊),14(1):305-330.Cheng L G,Zhang Y,Shen K.2014.Understanding the pathways of the education-health gradient:Evidence from the Chinese elderly[J].China Economic Quarterly,14(1):305-330.(in Chinese) 崔颖,刘宏.2021.教育对家庭资产选择的性别异质性影响及渠道分析[J].世界经济文汇,(4):1-22.Cui Y,Liu H.2021.The impact of education on household portfolio choice:Gender difference and channel analysis[J].World Economic Papers,(4):1-22.(in Chinese) 樊纲治,王宏扬.2015.家庭人口结构与家庭商业人身保险需求——基于中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)数据的实证研究[J].金融研究,(7):170-189.Fan G Z,Wang H Y.2015.Household demographic structure and household demand for life insurance:Empirical research based on the data of China Household Finance Survey[J].Journal of Financial Research,(7):170-189.(in Chinese) 郭四维,张明昂,曹静.2019.教育真的可以影响健康吗?——来自中国1986年义务教育法实施的证据[J].经济学报,6(3):148-187.Guo S W,Zhang M A,Cao J.2019.Does education really affect adult health?Evidence from China's implementation of the 1986 compulsory schooling law[J].China Journal of Economics,6(3):148-187.(in Chinese) 李波,朱太辉.2020.债务杠杆、金融素养与家庭金融脆弱性——基于中国家庭追踪调查CFPS 2014的实证分析[J].国际金融研究,(7):25-34.Li B,Zhu T H.2020.Debt leverage,financial literacy and household financial fragility—An empirical investigation based on CFPS 2014 data[J].Studies of International Finance,(7):25-34.(in Chinese) 李建奇,刘翠花.2024.教育改革、人工智能与农村青年就业[J].经济学动态,(3):112-128.Liu J Q,Liu C H.2024.Education reform,artificial intelligence and rural youth employment[J].Economic Perspectives,(3):112-128.(in Chinese) 李容,张凯,曹斌,等.2023.普惠金融、数字渗透与家庭金融脆弱性[J].财经科学,(11):17-32.Li R,Zhang K,Cao B,et al.2023.Inclusive finance,digital penetration and household financial fragility[J].Finance & Economics,(11):17-32. 李响,杨雅鑫,邹玥萌,等.2023.金融知识、金融市场参与度与消费升级[J].金融论坛,28(12):28-42,53.Li X,Yang Y X,Zou Y M,et al.2023.Financial literacy,household financial market participation and consumption upgrade[J].Finance Forum,28(12):28-42,53.(in Chinese) 任昶宇,肖潇,周羿.2020.教育会改变家户的股票市场行为吗?来自义务教育法的证据[J].经济学报,7(4):156-188.Ren C Y,Xiao X,Zhou Y.2020.Can education affect household stock market participation behaviors?Evidence from China's compulsory schooling law[J].China Journal of Economics,7(4):156-188.(in Chinese) 唐丹云,李洁,吴雨.2023.金融素养对家庭财产性收入的影响——基于共同富裕视角的研究[J].当代财经,(4):55-67.Tang D Y,Li J,Wu Y.2023.The Influence of financial literacy on household property income:An analysis from the perspective of common prosperity[J].Contemporary Finance & Economics,(4):55-67.(in Chinese) 汪三贵,刘湘琳,史识洁,等.2010.人力资本和社会资本对返乡农民工创业的影响[J].农业技术经济,(12):4-10.Wang S G,Liu X L,Shi S J,et al.2010.The impact of human capital and social capital on the home returned migrant worker's starting a business[J].Journal of Agritechnical Economics,(12):4-10.(in Chinese) 王秀景,王乔.2023.教育程度会影响家庭养老决策吗?[J].宏观经济研究,(12):99-120.Wang X J,Wang Q.2023.Will education level affect family decisions on elderly care?[J].Macroeconomics,(12):99-120.(in Chinese) 吴锟,吴卫星,王沈南.2022.金融教育是有效的吗?[J].金融研究(11):117-135.Wu K,Wu W X,Wang S N.2022.Is financial education effective?[J].Journal of Financial Research,(11):117-135.(in Chinese) 杨亮,王亚茹,丁少群.2023.医疗保险、家庭可持续生计资本与财务脆弱性研究[J].保险研究,(8):66-82.Yang L,Wang Y R,Ding S Q.2023.A research on medical insurance,sustainable household livelihood capital and financial vulnerability[J].Insurance Studies,(8):66-82.(in Chinese) 姚健,臧旭恒,周博文.2024.社会网络与中国家庭金融脆弱性[J].金融研究,(4):151-168.Yao J,Zang X H,Zhou B W.2024.Social networks and household financial vulnerability in China[J].Journal of Financial Research,(4):151-168.(in Chinese) 易行健,周利.2018.数字普惠金融发展是否显著影响了居民消费——来自中国家庭的微观证据[J].金融研究,(11):47-67.Yi X J,Zhou L.2018.Does digital financial inclusion significantly influence household consumption?evidence from household survey data in China[J].Journal of Financial Research,(11):47-67.(in Chinese) 易行健,陈俊,周聪,等.2023.收入风险与家庭风险金融资产投资——基于CHFS数据的经验证据[J].管理科学学报,26(10):76-94.Yi X J,Chen J,Zhou C,et al.2023.Income risk and household investment on risky financial assets:Evidence from CHFS data[J].Journal of Management Sciences in China,26(10):76-94.(in Chinese) 尹志超,宋全云,吴雨.2014.金融知识、投资经验与家庭资产选择[J].经济研究,(4):62-75.Yin Z C,Song Q Y,Wu Y.2014.Financial literacy,trading experience and household portfolio choice[J].Economic Research Journal,(4):62-75.(in Chinese) 尹志超,李青蔚,张诚.2023.金融知识与家庭财务脆弱性——基于中国家庭金融调查数据的实证研究[J].财经问题研究,(2):39-49.Yin Z C,Li Q W,Zhang C.2023.Financial knowledge with household financial vulnerability:An empirical study based on Chinese household finance survey data[J].Research on Financial and Economic Issues,(2):39-49.(in Chinese) 尹志超,李艺菲.2024.新型农村社会养老保险对家庭财务脆弱性的影响[J].财经科学,(6):130-148.Yin Z C,Li Y F.2024.The influence of new rural social pension insurance on family financial fragility[J].Finance & Economics,(6):130-148.(in Chinese) 岳崴,王雄,张强.2021.健康风险、医疗保险与家庭财务脆弱性[J].中国工业经济,(10):175-192.Yue W,Wang X,Zhang Q.2021.Health risk,medical insurance and household financial vulnerability[J].China Industrial Economics,(10):175-192.(in Chinese) 张冀,史晓,曹杨.2022.动态健康冲击下的中老年家庭金融风险评估[J].财经研究,48(2):153-168.Zhang J,Shi X,Cao Y.2022.Financial risk assessment of middle-aged and elderly families under dynamic health shocks[J].Journal of Finance and Economics,48(2):153-168.(in Chinese) 张凯,李容.2022.债务杠杆、数字金融与家庭财务脆弱性[J].现代经济探讨,(8):1-13.Zhang K,Li R.2022.Debt leverage,digital finance and household financial fragility[J].Modern Economic Research,(8):1-13.(in Chinese) 张正平,陈杨.2023.人口老龄化对家庭金融脆弱性的影响——基于CFPS2010—2018微观数据的实证检验[J].国际金融研究,(6):26-37.Zhang Z P,Chen Y.2023.The impact of population aging on household financial vulnerability—An empirical test based on CFPS 2010—2018 micro data[J].Studies of International Finance,(6):26-37.(in Chinese) 张中祥,胡雅慧.2024.数字普惠金融如何影响家庭过度负债?——基于主客观双重视角的微观证据[J].经济学(季刊),24(2):643-660.Zhang Z X,Hu Y H.2024.How does digital inclusive finance affect households' over-indebtedness?—Micro evidence based on subjective and objective perspectives[J].China Economic Quarterly,24(2):643-660.(in Chinese) Ampudia M,Van Vlokhoven H,■ochowski D.2016.Financial fragility of euro area households[J].Journal of Financial Stability,27:250-262. Anderloni L,Bacchiocchi E,Vandone D.2012.Household financial vulnerability:An empirical analysis[J].Research in Economics,66(3):284-296. Black S E,Devereux P J,Salvanes K G.2005.Why the apple doesn't fall far:Understanding intergenerational transmission of human capital[J].American Economic Review,95(1):437-449. Black S E,Devereux P J,Lundborg P,et al.2018.Learning to take risks?the effect of education on risk-taking in financial markets[J].Review of Finance,22(3):951-975. Brown S,Taylor K.2008.Household debt and financial assets:Evidence from Germany,Great Britain and the USA[J].Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A:Statistics in Society,171(3):615-643. Brunetti M,Giarda E,Torricelli C.2016.Is financial fragility a matter of illiquidity?An appraisal for Italian households[J].Review of Income and Wealth,62(4):628-649. Carlsson M,Dahl G B,?ckert B,et al.2015.The effect of schooling on cognitive skills[J].The Review of Economics and Statistics,97(3):533-547. Cheng Z M.2021.Education and consumption:Evidence from migrants in Chinese cities[J].Journal of Business Research,127:206-215. Chevalier A,Harmon C,Walker I,et al.2004.Does education raise productivity,or just reflect it?[J].The Economic Journal,114(499):F499-F517. Heckman J J,Humphries J E,Veramendi G.2018.Returns to education:The causal effects of education on earnings,health,and smoking[J].Journal of Political Economy,126(S1):S197-S246. Lusardi A,Schneider D J,Tufano P.2011.Financially fragile households:Evidence and implications[R].Cambridge:National Bureau of Economic Research,No.w17072. Lusardi A,Mitchell O S.2014.The economic importance of financial literacy:Theory and evidence[J].Journal of Economic Literature,52(1):5-44. Malamud O,Wozniak A.2012.The impact of college on migration:Evidence from the Vietnam generation[J].Journal of Human Resources,47(4):913-950. Wolbers M H J.2000.The effects of level of education on mobility between employment and unemployment in the Netherlands[J].European Sociological Review,16(2):185-200. Wolfle D,Smith J G.1956.The occupational value of education for superior high-school graduates[J].The Journal of Higher Education,27(4):201-232. Zhang C,Ling X H.2024.The impact of economic policy uncertainty on household financial vulnerability[J].Journal of Family and Economic Issues,online first.
- (1)习近平总书记在2018年中央财经委员会第一次会议上的重要发言https://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2018-04/02/content_5279304.htm. (2)这三个问题分别为:(1)假设银行的年利率是4%,如果把100元钱存1年定期,1年后获得的本金和利息为多少?(2)假设银行的年利率是5%,通货膨胀率每年是3%,把100元钱存银行一年后能够买到的东西将会如何?(3)您认为一般而言,股票和基金哪个风险更大?
- Tong Sun
- Yu Liao
- School of Foreign Studies
- Capital University of Economics and Business
- School of Finance
- Capital University of Economics and Business
- Tong Sun
- Yu Liao
- School of Foreign Studies
- Capital University of Economics and Business
- School of Finance
- Capital University of Economics and Business